Great post.
1. My tap water is pretty decent. I can almost always adjust to get the profile I need. The only thing I've found that it's not quite right is for Hefes (would need to use other water for that), but for the pale ale/IPA profile I can usually knock it in pretty darn close....same goes with Ambers and Porters. I can share with you the numbers if you'd like to look. It's basically "pretty decent" tap water. But I understand what you're saying because there could be "other things" that don't get removed, even if it's adjusted.
But yes, I do notice that my dark beers shine pretty well. It's the lighter beers that have some sort of by-product that I've been noticing recently...maybe it was always there and I'm just getting pickier. Or maybe I've adjusted my fermentation processes in the wrong direction.
2. I've never read/heard anyone having off flavors from 3-4 weeks in the fermentor. I've heard that 6 weeks is the consensus of "pushing it". But did I read from many threads incorrectly on this? Obviously IPAs you want to keep them moving to maintain freshness, but I doubt an Amber or a Porter would have any issue with 3-6 weeks....?
3. I generally leave beers that are dry hopped in the fermenter longer, just because of the dry hop schedule. I typically don't dry hop until fermentation is nearly done...usually around the 10 day mark. Can I shorten this up?
4. Looking at my schedule, the Mac and Jacks was pitched on 9/8, and bottled on 9/29. I know for sure that isn't "too long"...that's about 3 weeks, including the dryhop schedule. The Porter was 2 weeks. I would have bottled the Mac and Jacks sooner, but I was traveling (infact, now I am engaged....to my brewery assistant.
5. The Porter used Nottingham (2 packs per Nottingham's calculator), and the Mac and Jacks used Wyeast 1098. First time using liquid yeast, but I followed the directions.
6. A packet of US-05 is much more potent than a packet of Nottingham if you look at the cell count---it's not even close. For a 5 gallon batch, it sounds like you would always pitch at the minimal 2 packets. That seems like a lot for a regular 6%'er.
7. From now on, I've been rehydrating. It just seems like a good practice to make sure the yeastie monsters are ready to rock as soon as they hit the wort with minimal death. I'm not sure if I "need" to go to the length to start doing starters though....unless it factually makes better beer. Interested on thoughts on this.
8. My carboys are glass. Always covered with a t-shirt until bottling day. I do the "open" bottle method, no splashing allowed. When I dry hop, I just drop the pellets right in.
9. One thing that may pay off is to re-taste the Mac and Jacks in 2 weeks. If something tastes a little foul like it did, I should bring it to the local club.
Nothing beats a taste test, and from that I should easily be able to pinpoint an issue.