Owly;
Can you please explain further? What is the gap for your first crush? Is your grain essentially floured? Do you stir during the mash? Have you achieved similar efficiency results with many styles and gravities?
Thanks!
Paul
Paul:
When I got my BC mill, I immediately closed the gap significantly from normal.... I didn't measure it at that time, but it was as tight as I could go and not have the handle slip. I would guess it to have been about .020. At that point my grain was not "flour" at all, but noticeably finer than LHBS grind. My efficiency jumped dramatically from the low to mid 70's to the mid to high 80's. It made a HUGE difference. I do get a bit more trub, as there is more "flour" than there was before, but not much, most of my trub is cold break material and yeast.
In my 5 minute conversion test, I used this same grind as my primary, and my secondary was with the rollers set at .010" which is extremely close. It was like course corn meal. I doughed into 130F tap water, full volume. I never added any water after that point. I already had the kettle on the burner at high when I added the grain, then slowed the temp climb down to approximately 1 deg per minute when I hit 145...... on up until I had full conversion. The conversion began around 148-149, and was complete 5 minutes later at around 153-154. I left the one deg per minute temp rise until 165 anyway, then cranked the heat and pulled the bag. My conversion efficiency was right in the 90% range, and in only 5 minutes. I was monitoring brix and doing iodine tests. The Brix started to rise slowly, then almost instantly hit a plateau and never climbed after that. It was well above what I expected.
Fermentability is my concern...... How many long chains versus short chains. My test this coming Saturday will be an exact duplicate of a previous brew, and should tell the story. I will do a similar brew later, holding the temp rise a bit lower, and cutting the heat, and adding some cold water, and allowing it to slope off once the conversion is complete. Perhaps capping temp at 152, and dropping back to 145, and bringing it very slowly back up to give the Beta Amylase more conversion time to break sugars down to short fermentable chains, making it a 15 min or so mash.
In any case, as far as I'm concerned, I'm through with the conventional one hour heat and hold mash. Below is an interesting bit of information that would explain why my mash that slopes up from 130 into the normal conversion range seems to be providing plenty of fermentables for my current test brew. It also suggests that perhaps the optimal procedure might be a slower temp increase from 133, all the way up to total conversion temp.... say a 20 minute time from 133-153. Clearly there is a lot of room for experimentation.
Howard
Beta amylase produces Maltose, the main wort sugar, by splitting 2 glucose molecules from the non-reducing end of a glucose chain. It is therefore able to completely convert Amylose. But since it cannot get past the branch joins, Amylopectin cannot completely be converted by beta amylase. The optimal pH range for beta amylase between 5.4 and 5.6 and the optimal temperature range is between 140ºF (60ºC) and 150ºF (65ºC). Above 160ºF (70ºC) beta amylase is quickly deactivated [Narziss, 2005].
Alpha Amylase is able to split 1-4 links within glucose chains. By doing so, it exposes additional non-reducing ends for the beta amylase. This allows for the further conversion of Amylopectin. The optimal pH range is between 5.6 and 5.8 and the optimal temperature range is between 162ºF (72ºC) and 167ºF (75ºC). Above 176ºF (80ºC) alpha amylase is quickly deactivated [Narziss, 2005]
Limit dextrinase is able to split the 1-6 links that are found in Amylopectin. It is therefore able to reduce the amount of limit dextrins (glucose chains containing a 1-6 link) which are left over by alpha and beta amylase activity. Its optimal pH is 5.1 and the otimal temperature range is between 133ºF (55ºC) and 140ºF (60ºC). Above 149ºF (65ºC) this enzyme is quickly deactivated [Narziss 2005]. Because of an optimal temperature well below the commonly used saccrification rest temperature for single temperature saccrification rests, this enzyme plays only a mior role in most mashing schedules. Extended rests in the lower and upper 130sºF (upper 50sºC) benefit a higer fermentability of the wort.