Treat grains as you would any foodstuff; they are composed of complex organic molecules and can be degraded by many conditions, such as:
oxygen(air), heat, moisture, extremes of pH, light(especially UV), exposure to any critters from fungus to rodents, being finely-divided(milled), radiation(rare), time. Probably others.
I buy mine in amounts which I plan to use soon. They are stored in whatever container they come closest to filling, eg., PET bottles, poly bags, whatever. Then, I flush them with CO2, bought in bulk(eg. 20# cyl.) like this:
WARNING: use CO2 at your own risk; 10% CO2 will cause humans to become unconscious-you have been warned.
Run a poly tube to the bottom of the container(using PET soda bottles allows bottles to collapse a bit-see below), loosely seal the opening, invert the container, slowly flush w/ CO2. This minimizes cavitation.
When done, seal bottle, store in fridge. If sealed, bottle will collapse, not a problem.