I put the date that it was bottled on the cap and I write something abbreviated on the cap to ID the beer (BW = barley wine, IIPA - double ipa, etc) then write the same thing on the top of the recipe in my recipe book so I can go back and look at details of the brew day and/or recipe (I write the recipe out, take detailed notes including date, who was there if anyone, in a spiral notebook for reference).
I set aside time to bulk clean/sanitize a bunch of bottles. Then they go on my bottle tree that can hold 90 bottles and there they wait until I bottle again. My bottle tree comes up to about my waist so I use my Vinator that sits conveniently on top of it to sanitize as I go.
Take a bottle from the tree, sanitize it (Vinator), fill it, repeat. I arrange my workspace like I arrange my drums. In a tight semi circle. That way there is minimal movement and everything is close at hand.
I put my bottle caps in the Vinator and put a cap on each filled bottle so when I'm ready to cap I just have to move the bottles from the towel to the bench capper.
I have since moved to kegging BUT I still bottle many batches either in part or whole. Mostly my cold weather line ups that benefit from xtra time in the bottle like stouts, barley wines, etc. I also bottle to share with friends, family, clients.
Buy a bench capper. I got lucky and found a Ferrari Super Agata used. I think they're around $50 new but way more than worth it in terms of safety and convenience/speed.
Buy a Vinator too. Again, way more than worth it in terms of safety and convenience/speed.
I add priming sugar to the bottling bucket and use a spring loaded bottling wand. Bucket on a crate or shorter bucket for gravity, cue up some music, and away I go.
It'll take a few times going thru the process to figure out what works best for you. The fun part, at least for me, is refining the process until it's streamlined to my liking.