The majority of beer styles don't need to be "aged" for any significant amount of time. And frankly, I'd be 99% of homebrew is consumed before storage temps become an issue. If you are just starting out, I wouldn't be worrying about the longevity of your beer at all. As long as you don't expose the brew to high temps, it will taste great for many months.
If you do have a style that you want to age, oxidation is a bigger concern than room temp vs cellar temp. High alcohol beers that have been handled properly will age fine at a range of temps eg room temp, basement, etc. Beers that were splashed around aren't going to age well at any temp.