tl;dr: craft beer isn't in a bubble and people need to stop using that word.
Long version:
A bubble, in economic terms, has a very specific set of
meanings. Two of the three definitions at that link are relevant for discussions of craft beer's potential "bubble."
Let's dispel #3 first: For this to be true, we'd have to assume that beer prices are high above their true value, and rising, and that eventually, the bubble will pop, and the price of beer will crash down. This is absurd. The vast majority of craft beer sells very close to "true value" - the total profit for the producer and for each middleman is very, very thin, as competition drives prices of "basically-fungible craft beer" (i.e. the six-packs that make up most of the market) toward cost. This competition comes not only from other beer (especially true as acquisitions drive economies of scale down), but also from non-beer alternatives. And as for the more expensive, non-fungible "premier" sector of beer (i.e. all the **** we chase after), I
have argued and will continue to argue that rare/limited beer is often (perhaps usually) underpriced, as the "true value" represents not only the cost of the materials/labor (as is true for commoditized beer) but also the value associated with demand. Are prices high above their true value? Perhaps in some specific instances, but overall, no. Are these prices rising rapidly? No.
#1 seems to be what most people think of when they think of bubble: we have too many new breweries and they're all gonna collapse. I believe this is wrong. First, we have not seen "rapid expansion" by any means. In the US, since 2012, we've seen the following growth rates in new breweries: 18.8% (2013), 27.6% (2014), 14.7% (2015). Meanwhile, beer production at the same time has increased as follows: 17.0% (2013), 42.9% (2014), 10.7% (2015). 2014 looks a bit nuts, but overall we're seeing the same trend: more breweries opening to contribute more production to a steadily growing sector of consumer demand.
More importantly is the fact that craft beer has yet to attain market saturation in almost any market. Some may argue that Portland, OR, has finally reached that point, but even still I would argue there's more room to grow - craft beer will have reached market saturation when the production/sales cannot rise further. As of now, that's a far way away - there's plenty of segment to attract away from macro, from imports, and from non-beer alcoholic alternatives, as we're seeing constantly.
Will breweries close? Yes, but that's part of a healthy market. An unhealthy market might show no closures (that would be a good indication of bubble conditions - similar to how preceding the housing crisis in 2008, houses rarely went
down in value, even as they were being sold from buyer to buyer), or perhaps an absurd amount of closures (i.e. where the rate of closures surpasses the rate of openings), but
some closings by no means signals a problem, or a bubble.
Compare breweries to restaurants in an under-served (perhaps a growing suburb) area: many restaurants will open, and this number will continue to rise as the area grows. Meanwhile, some will close, especially as some of the restaurants are better than others. When the market is mature, the openings will steady out, but we won't see a "contraction" of restaurants. Similarly, when breweries eventually do reach the point that the market has matured (and we're far, far away from that), openings will steady out, but we shouldn't expect a major contraction. Closings and openings will happen as in any other mature industry, like the overall restaurant industry.
Finally, inb4 this: