If you are an informed person who seeks information and knows about science, you would never eat/use a genetically modified product. Scientific studies which simply changed DNA then changed it back (so it is completely the same as it was before) have been shown to be able to cause cancerous growths. That means the PROCESS, not the changes made, can cause cancer.
I have a rather opposite view in this subject. From
Wikipedia:
"Genetic modification involves the mutation, insertion, or deletion of genes. Inserted genes usually come from a different species in a form of horizontal gene-transfer. In nature this can occur when exogenous DNA penetrates the cell membrane for any reason.
...
Other methods exploit natural forms of gene transfer, such as the ability of Agrobacterium to transfer genetic material to plants, or the ability of lentiviruses to transfer genes to animal cells."
So genetic modifications are not something new, they happen in the nature all the time. For example lager yeast S. pastorianus is a result of genome hybridization event between S. cerevisiae and S. eubayanus. Genetic engineering done in the laboratories is just a way to do these modifications in a controlled and speedy fashion, rather than trusting evolution, breeding or random mutagenesis to generate usable genetic modifications.
For example, nowadays new lager yeast strains can be
created rapidly in the laboratory from S. cerevisiae and S. eubayanus parent strains. Since the resulting strains don't contain foreign DNA (DNA from some non-yeast organism), they are not even considered as GMO, although a genetic modification has clearly taken place. Use of foreign DNA expands the possibilities for the modifications, of which real-life examples include: yeast that can convert alpha-acetolactate to acetoin eliminating the need for diacetyl rest, and wine yeast that can perform malolactic fermentation on its own. The latter has been approved by health officials in USA and Canada and might already be used for commercial wine production.
There is lot of misinformation about this subject available, and even some falseful studies have been made (
here is a news article about a scientific article which stated that GMO causes cancer but was later retracted).
Here is also a long read about the subject of GMO food and controversies surrounding it.
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