Interesting question. I suspect that the only time the elevation will have an effect will be during serving. A volume of CO2 will exert the same pressure in a closed container regardless of elevation (elevation being equivalent to barometric pressure, in this case). I don't believe anything else will be affected: rate of carbonation, time to complete carbonation, or final pressure of CO2 on the beer. So, my answer is, no effect on carbonation/volumes/temperature relationships.
I do think the one time you'll see a difference will be when you pour. You should get more and faster foaming, since the differential pressure will be greater as your elevation increases. You can reduce the carbonation by a couple psi to compensate. The question that comes to mind is, will reducing the carbonation change the flavor profile of the beer?
By the way, the barometric pressure difference between sea level and say, Denver, elevation 5000 feet, is significant - 14.7 psi versus 12.2 psi. So, a 2.5 psi difference - the question is, does reducing the carbonation in a given beer style by this much to manage serving issues affect the taste?