Ive used various water sources, the first time (which was the worst off tasting brew, I used distilled water), and the second and third time I used water from two different cities. I follow the instructions to the T, i.e. steeping the grain for the right amount of time at the right temperature then remove them, get things to a boil, then remove pot (and wait for bubbling to stop) and add extract stirring well etc. until its fully dissolved, then return to stove and once its boiling I add the first of the hops, then after X amount of time I add irish moss, and after more time I add the last of the hops (around flameout), before removing the hop bag. I quickly cool the wort to around 78F (15-20 min. approximately), add yeast and stir for about 5 minutes (I dont make a starter), strain the beer through a splatter guard as I pour into the fermtation bucket, add the remaining water to make 5 gallons (check OG as well, which on this last batch I did not fall within but was extremely close). Add airlock and keep in my fermentation chamber in the 60-70F range for 2.5 weeks (a couple times it got a little lower and a couple times it got higher but never for more than a few hours). After that time I check the FG (again I was a little outside of the range on this last batch but not by much), I siphon it to the keg, and get it to serving temperature and after a day or two I connect to the Co2. As far as sanitation goes, I make a 5 gallon bucket of Star San solution and make sure that everything that can get scrubbed is thoroughly scrubbed (and I use something that wont nick the plastic bucket so germs have nowhere to hide), and those things that cant really be scrubbed well gets dipped in it. If wort or beer is going to touch it, or even have the slightest chance of touching it I try to sanitize it. Ive only used white labs yeast, I check the date on it, and make sure its refrigerated until brew day. My recipes have included Midwest's Boundary Waters Extract Kit, then I followed this recipe for
Paulaner style beer, and this last recipe was for the
Quaffable Irish Red. Like I said I follow everything to a T on the instructions, and yet things never turn out 100% (only one that did well and barely had a noticeable off taste was the Paulaner style beer), its only been with this last batch that I had a fermentation chamber so the previous two brews sat at room temperature (72-75F) while fermenting. I check the seal on bucket too (I press down a little on the middle of the bucket lid to see if air comes out into the airlock), and I never see any infections and get some really good fermentations so Im no sure whats happening. Ive also run star san through my beer lines with my first and third batches while Im sanitizing the keg.