First off, I see I attached my toilet flange a little different than the photos above, so my leaking issue is a little different. I sat the flange on "top" of the bucket lid instead, so it makes sense why I was having issues. Well, good news is I found a fix in case anyone wants to install the flange on the top:
I went to Lowes today at lunch with the goal of fixing the issue of liquid escaping between the toilet flange and the bucket lid. After walking up and down the aisles, I think I got the fix. For $2.50 you can get a 3-in Dia PVC Adapter Fitting. Easy peasy. Just flip your lid over to the bottom size, and fit the smaller end of this PVC adapter into the Toilet flange. If you want, add a little PVC Glue to hold it in place. This makes it so the liquid draining out of the keg/carboy down into the buckets never comes in contact with the lid area....it goes through this adapter a few inches below the lid. Done and done. I don't know how long this link will stay good, but here it is:
3-in Dia PVC Adapter Fitting