Bubbling in the airlock only goes slower, or faster, or no different at all, if you watch it. Really its only real use, other then venting the CO2 and not letting air in, is amusement. You can not tell even if it is fermenting. Next time you make a HG beer, try moving the carboy near or at the end of fermentation. You will find the airlock will move again. You did not "wake" up the yeast. You just shook carbonated water. Of course it will come out.
The speed is determined by the release of CO2, the amount of liquid in the lock, the saturation of the liquid in the lock, the saturation of whatever you are fermenting, the ambient temperature and pressure, and the time of the cycle that you caught the yeast in. Really other then the fact the pressure is higher inside the carboy then outside, it can not be used to measure anything.