Food safe silicone.
Glueing your airlock to the fermenter lid seems silly to me. Unless your planning some long term aging process, your airlock is not really critical.
Does it fit snug in the hole?
You could just soak a cotton ball in star San and plug the hole. Or put a piece of tape over the hole with a pin hole or two once fermentation slows.
Airlocks are really meant for secondary aging when the beer is still, not so much needed at all on a bucket during active fermentation.
I've heard some folks just set the lid on the bucket without snapping it down, while that might be extreme, I think your trying too hard here.
Jmo
To your question, I believe dap 100% silicon is food grade, yet some purists order a sealant from McMaster for big bucks.
I would use the rubber stopper, but I had a hard time cutting a clean circle big enough for it to fit. I had a much easier time melting a hole through the lid with a hot metal rod big enough for just the end of the airlock to fit.
Why wouldn't you just use a drill bit?
I had a much easier time melting a hole through the lid with a hot metal rod big enough for just the end of the airlock to fit.
My understanding of the airlock is that it allows for the CO2 to escape, and nothing harmful (bacteria, etc) can get in. So you are saying that it's not necessary?
The video link below will give some idea of why you may not need an airlock. My brewcraft buckets dont seal well and I have never seen a bubble come out of them and when I get some new buckets will do it sans the hole. Once you get the CO2 and yeast doing their thing you will be fine with just a lid on it. I have never had an infection from my poor sealing lids.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xClXKMhcFr0
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