I've had to pitch as much as 4 jars before as per Mrmalty's calculations.. And the yeast was only a month old.
I don't believe Mr Malty numbers for re-pitching, and I think the calculator is useless for a slurry.
First off, I think the yeast viability percentage is way wrong. If the yeast/slurry is stored correctly, I think the viability is much better. The calculator pretty much says the yeast is dead after 2 months, and many of us know that is not the case. From my experience, I don't think there is much difference in the viability of the yeast between 1 day and 30 days.
- While in the fermenter it loses 6% (it takes no account if the yeast was in the beer for a week or a couple of months).
- Over the first month of storage it loses over 51% viability (of the remaining yeast). It's in a fridge under beer; it should do better than when it was subjected to a couple of feet of pressure when in the fermenter.
- Over the second month of storage it looses 78% viability (of the remaining yeast).
- Over months 3 to 11 it looses nothing (no change between 2 months old and a year old; 10% viability).
- Over month 12 it looses 90% of the remaining yeast.
Secondly, I think guessing yeast concentration and non-yeast percentage is just that; a guess, and in either case you could easily be 2X or more out. If you guess 2X out on both scales, your final number will be 4X out.
In general a beer will end up with about 6X the amount of yeast that would have been the correct amount to pitch. If you over-pitch or under-pitch, the yeast will correct for that in the final population, and the end result will be about the same. I figure there will be some loss of yeast while in the beer or in storage, so I figure on about a quarter of the cake to be about right, and I assume that is the case if I re-use the yeast any time up to a month after harvesting. After a month I always make a starter to confirm viability and ensure an adequate pitching rate.