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Can't see the pic, but, usually you'll want it to read sugars, and show brix. Most for brewing will also show SG.

If you want to get fancy... https://www.grogtag.com/c/391/6-pack-carriers

Do a full volume mash, at 151, mash out, and follow the boil directions.

yes, the initial cleaning with TSP to get rid of the oil is needed.

Follow SS Brewtech's instructions for cleaning.

Oxidation at higher temps will be increased quite a bit. Heat speeds things up including the reactions that cause oxidation.

I vote for mold or some other infection.

Medicinal taste could have been from chlorine.

23c ambient temp could be quite warm. The internal temp of the beer could be quite a bit higher. Also, did you treat your water for chlorine?

Over pitching at a homebrew level is almost never an issue.

And don't stir them in. Just drop them in. Or if you want to make sure they don't float on the top, bag them with sanitized SS washers/weights and then drop them in.

For 5 gallon batch, secondary is not necessary. Weight of the beer is not enough to cause any problems. Even with dry hop you'll only be on the yeast 2-3 weeks, so no issue.

Beer will get a proper secondary in the bottle.

4-5 times a bit excessive? If done once or twice during active fermentation the O2 should be scrubbed a bit by yeast and blowoff.

Hydrometer also infected? If you keg, that keg will also be infected. Keg will be easier to clean.

depends on the yeast on what off flavors you might get. You don't have to repitch. As you said the lager yeast was going like crazy. 90 degrees wont kill them off, they'll just throw off flavors.

Did mine with 34/70. Started at about 63 F and let it slowly raise through fermentation to about 68 F. Best Octoberfest I've ever had!

As the brewer, it's a kolsch if you call it a kolsch.

From what I saw, rice solids do not have to be mashed. They're like rice sugar powder? Taste it, if sweet, just mix it in.

You'll still want to boil for 5-10 just to sanitize. Since the extract is prehopped it will provide some bitterness, but maybe a 1/2oz of magnum in there for the 5-10 boil would be a bit of a help.