No. The yeast lose the enzyme that is required to metabolize the sugars in the wort if they grow on only table sugar.
If you can't get DME, there is a product called Malta Goya that I understand some have used as a starter. It's a carbonated malt beverage that you can find in the ethnic section of the grocery store. I've never used it but others have. You'll probably want to make it flat before you pitch the yeast. Also, its gravity is a lot higher than you want for a starter, so dilute it.