I can't help you with the fraction of the residual carbs which are 'good' and which aren't but I guess you have a number from Charley for that. You can estimate the amount of carbs in a beer from the real degree of fermentation (RDF) which the yeast supplier should be able to give you. Or you can WAG it from the apparent degree of attenuation (ADF) which the yeast suppliers aways give. RDF seems to be 10 - 15% less than ADF. Thus if you see ADF of 75% the RDF may be about 60%. Of course you can determine RDF yourself. Measure out 100 mL of beer as accurately as you can, transfer it quantititatively to a beaker and then evaporate it down to 1/3 its original volume. You can do this gently (water bath) or by boiling. Now make back up to the original volume 100 mL with DI water and measure the SG. Convert the SG to Plato. That's the number of grams of extract per 100 grams of the reconstituted beer. Multiply the volume of reconstituted beer (100) mL by 0.998203*SG which is the density of the reconstituted sample to get the mass of the reconstituted beer, 100*0.998203*SG. As the Plato value corresponding to SG is the grams of extract in 100 grams of reconstituted beer you have 100*Plato*0.998203*SG/100 grams of extract in the beaker before you. That came from 100*0.9982038*SG_u (in which SG_u is the specific gravity of the untreated beer sample) grams of beer so the grams of extract per gram of beer is
(100*Plato*0.998203*SG/100)/100*0.9982038*SG_u = Plato*(SG/SG_u)/100 . The grams of extract in the untreated beer per 100 grams of unfinished beer is thus Plato*(SG/SG_u). This is the true extract (TE) of the beer and the RDF is then (OE - TE)/OE.
The TE is the grams of extract in 100 grams of the beer. 100 grams of the beer is 100/(SG_u*.998302) ml of beer so Plato*(SG/SG_u)/100/(SG_u*.998302)= Plato*(SG/SG_u)*(SG_u*.998302)/100 = Plato*SG*.998203 is the number of grams of extract in 100 mL of beer. You can apply Charly's fraction in order to determine how much of this is of which type. You should knock of a wee bit (fraction of a percent) for ash (minerals).