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http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-43871497

The planet Uranus has clouds made up of hydrogen sulphide, the gas that gives rotten eggs their unpleasant smell.

The possibility of this gas being present in the atmosphere of the seventh planet had long been debated, but has now been confirmed for the first time by observations at a telescope on Hawaii.

The malodorous gas was detected high above the giant planet's cloud tops.

The findings could shed important new light on how the outer planets formed.

A team of researchers have published their results in the journal Nature Astronomy.

Despite previous observations by ground telescopes and the Voyager 2 spacecraft, the composition of Uranus' atmosphere had remained unclear.

Scientists have long wondered whether hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) or ammonia (NH₃) dominate the ice giant's cloud deck, but have lacked definitive evidence either way.

The data were obtained with the Near-Infrared Integral Field Spectrometer (NIFS) instrument on the Gemini North telescope on Hawaii's Mauna Kea summit.

The spectroscopic measurements break infrared light from Uranus into its component wavelengths. Bands in the resulting spectrum known as absorption lines, where the gas absorbs infrared light coming from the Sun, allowed the scientists to "fingerprint" components of Uranus' atmosphere.

"Now, thanks to improved hydrogen sulphide absorption-line data and the wonderful Gemini spectra, we have the fingerprint which caught the culprit," said co-author Patrick Irwin, from the University of Oxford.

_99098153_c0019656-gemini_north_telescope_hawaii-spl.jpg
Image copyrightSPL
Image captionThe detection was made using observations from the Gemini North observatory on Maunakea, Hawaii
The detection of hydrogen sulphide high in Uranus' cloud deck, sets up a contrast with inner gas giant planets such as Jupiter and Saturn. The bulk of Jupiter and Saturn's upper clouds are instead comprised of ammonia ice.

The researchers say these differences in atmospheric composition shed light on questions about the planets' formation and history.

Co-author Dr Leigh Fletcher, from the University of Leicester, said that these differences were probably imprinted early on in the history of these worlds.

He explained that the balance between different gases in the atmospheres of these planets was probably determined by the conditions where they formed in the early Solar System.

According to Dr Fletcher, when a cloud deck forms by condensation, it locks away the cloud-forming gas in a deep internal reservoir, hidden away beneath the levels that we can usually see with our telescopes.

"Only a tiny amount remains above the clouds as a saturated vapour... and this is why it is so challenging to capture the signatures of ammonia and hydrogen sulphide above cloud decks of Uranus," he said.

"The superior capabilities of Gemini finally gave us that lucky break."

Glenn Orton, of Nasa's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, who worked on the study, said: "We've strongly suspected that hydrogen sulphide gas was influencing the millimetre spectrum of Uranus for some time, but we were unable to attribute the absorption needed to it uniquely. Now, that part of the puzzle is falling into place as well."

Dr Irwin explained: "If an unfortunate human were ever to descend through Uranus's clouds, they would be met with very unpleasant and odiferous conditions."

But he added: "Suffocation and exposure in the negative 200 degrees Celsius atmosphere made of mostly hydrogen, helium, and methane would take its toll long before the smell."
 
http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-43871497

The planet Uranus has clouds made up of hydrogen sulphide, the gas that gives rotten eggs their unpleasant smell.

The possibility of this gas being present in the atmosphere of the seventh planet had long been debated, but has now been confirmed for the first time by observations at a telescope on Hawaii.

The malodorous gas was detected high above the giant planet's cloud tops.

The findings could shed important new light on how the outer planets formed.

A team of researchers have published their results in the journal Nature Astronomy.

Despite previous observations by ground telescopes and the Voyager 2 spacecraft, the composition of Uranus' atmosphere had remained unclear.

Scientists have long wondered whether hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) or ammonia (NH₃) dominate the ice giant's cloud deck, but have lacked definitive evidence either way.

The data were obtained with the Near-Infrared Integral Field Spectrometer (NIFS) instrument on the Gemini North telescope on Hawaii's Mauna Kea summit.

The spectroscopic measurements break infrared light from Uranus into its component wavelengths. Bands in the resulting spectrum known as absorption lines, where the gas absorbs infrared light coming from the Sun, allowed the scientists to "fingerprint" components of Uranus' atmosphere.

"Now, thanks to improved hydrogen sulphide absorption-line data and the wonderful Gemini spectra, we have the fingerprint which caught the culprit," said co-author Patrick Irwin, from the University of Oxford.

_99098153_c0019656-gemini_north_telescope_hawaii-spl.jpg
Image copyrightSPL
Image captionThe detection was made using observations from the Gemini North observatory on Maunakea, Hawaii
The detection of hydrogen sulphide high in Uranus' cloud deck, sets up a contrast with inner gas giant planets such as Jupiter and Saturn. The bulk of Jupiter and Saturn's upper clouds are instead comprised of ammonia ice.

The researchers say these differences in atmospheric composition shed light on questions about the planets' formation and history.

Co-author Dr Leigh Fletcher, from the University of Leicester, said that these differences were probably imprinted early on in the history of these worlds.

He explained that the balance between different gases in the atmospheres of these planets was probably determined by the conditions where they formed in the early Solar System.

According to Dr Fletcher, when a cloud deck forms by condensation, it locks away the cloud-forming gas in a deep internal reservoir, hidden away beneath the levels that we can usually see with our telescopes.

"Only a tiny amount remains above the clouds as a saturated vapour... and this is why it is so challenging to capture the signatures of ammonia and hydrogen sulphide above cloud decks of Uranus," he said.

"The superior capabilities of Gemini finally gave us that lucky break."

Glenn Orton, of Nasa's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, who worked on the study, said: "We've strongly suspected that hydrogen sulphide gas was influencing the millimetre spectrum of Uranus for some time, but we were unable to attribute the absorption needed to it uniquely. Now, that part of the puzzle is falling into place as well."

Dr Irwin explained: "If an unfortunate human were ever to descend through Uranus's clouds, they would be met with very unpleasant and odiferous conditions."

But he added: "Suffocation and exposure in the negative 200 degrees Celsius atmosphere made of mostly hydrogen, helium, and methane would take its toll long before the smell."

Calm down, Bill Nye.
 
I'll be in Boston for a wedding this weekend but I'll enjoy reading all the hot takes on Untappd. That's the only thing that app is good for.
 
I'll be in Boston for a wedding this weekend but I'll enjoy reading all the hot takes on Untappd. That's the only thing that app is good for.

What hot takes? Every time I go to that site to look for reviews on beer, all I see are stars, badges and pictures, but RARELY see any actual feedback on the beer via words. I ******* hate that site and I'm not sure how it got to be a thing.
 
What hot takes? Every time I go to that site to look for reviews on beer, all I see are stars, badges and pictures, but RARELY see any actual feedback on the beer via words. I ******* hate that site and I'm not sure how it got to be a thing.

It's a way to keep track of your ticks. Didn't you keep ticks on BA for like, ever?
 
It's a way to keep track of your ticks. Didn't you keep ticks on BA for like, ever?

Still kind of do when I remember. And would probably switch untappd if I could transfer all those ticks over somehow solely because that's where all new beers seem to get added now. Other than that specific thing, it's poop...especially for "hot takes".

But to be fair, I think that's just the way it is now...untappd is just giving the people what they want. A social excel file.
 
Still kind of do when I remember. And would probably switch untappd if I could transfer all those ticks over somehow solely because that's where all new beers seem to get added now. Other than that specific thing, it's poop...especially for "hot takes".

But to be fair, I think that's just the way it is now...untappd is just giving the people what they want. A social excel file.

I've checked in 1364 unique beers and still haven't gotten laid.
 
Pours of what? Where did you see a taplist, or any info at?




Voodoo Brewery Homestead
24 mins ·
Planning on checking out our BRC VII Release Party this Saturday? Here are some important details you may find helpful:

No bottles will be available for purchase Saturday 6.9.18. All bottles of Barrel Room Collection VI beers were sold as an allotment on 5.22.18 and fully sold out in less than two hours that day.
Allotments will be available for pickup starting at opening on this Saturday through Sunday 7.1.18 any time during normal operating hours at the location you purchased your allotment. Hours Saturday are as follows: Meadville (Arch St) 11-12, Erie 11-12, Homestead 11-12 and Grove City 11-12. The Compound will not be open this Saturday 6.9.18 and will not have allotments available for pickup at any time. To claim your allotment, each person must show their valid photo ID and receipt to claim bottles. All bottles must be picked up by Sunday 7.1.18. The person who signed up in person must also pick up in person, no exceptions. If any unclaimed allotments are left after end of the day Sunday 7.1.18, they will become property of Voodoo Brewery.

The following is the list of Barrel Room Collection beers we will be tapping on Saturday, a brief description of each and in what quantity. BRC drafts will only be available at Erie, Meadville (Arch Street), Grove City and Homestead. Each location has the same variety and amount of BRC kegs. As always, all BRC drafts are by the full 8oz pour ONLY, no tasters or samples. We will be following our normal BRC draft protocol of a limit of two total drafts of different BRC drafts per person at a time. This means you could get a K13 Rye draft and a Black Magick draft at the same time, but not two Black Magicks. We do this to ensure the greatest number of people the opportunity to try our BRC beers.

Black Magick aged in Bourbon Barrels- (1/6bbl)- This batch of Black Magick saw another new barrel treatment and spent 28 months in Willett bourbon barrels. Our big, bold Russian Imperial stout expresses rich, cohesive notes of cocoa, tobacco and campfire.

K13 aged in Rye Whiskey Barrels- (1/6bbl)- Seeing barrel treatment for the second time ever, this batch of our Barleywine was split into two different barrel treatments. This half was aged in Woodford Rye Whiskey barrels for 18 months. This big, bold ale is barrel forward with notes of toffee, oak, dark fruits and rye spiciness rounded by a basal level of sweetness.

K13 aged in Bourbon Barrels with Madagascar Vanilla Beans- (1/6bbl)- The second half of this batch of Barleywine was aged in 4 Roses bourbon barrels for 18 months with Madagascar vanilla beans. The thoughtful addition of vanilla in this batch was meant to be complimentary and supportive of the flavors of the base beer and carefully selected barrels, not dominant and one dimensional. The end product is a marriage of vanilla, bourbon and oak.

We couldn’t be more excited for Saturday and look forward to seeing everyone!
 
What hot takes? Every time I go to that site to look for reviews on beer, all I see are stars, badges and pictures, but RARELY see any actual feedback on the beer via words. I ******* hate that site and I'm not sure how it got to be a thing.

You know there will be at least 1 1-star review for The K13 with a note below saying "I don't like barleywines." That **** is just gold.
 
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