Yes, you absolutely can carbonate the beer and age it cold, or at cellar temp. You could also prime with sugar and allow it to carbonate that way and then just use the CO2 to push it out.
Just pump in 30lbs CO2 purge and repeat a few times and then cellar. You don't have to carb it until ready to serve. If you age it cold it takes longer to age. If your doing a lager that's a different story.