Depends on a lot of factors: yeast strain, starting gravity, temperature (during and after fermentation), sanitation rigor, etc. I've had beers that benefited from sitting on the yeast for a month or more, and others that needed to get off the cake ASAP.
I've started letting my higher-gravity brews, especially those with Belgian yeast strains, cold-condition in primary on the yeast for at least two weeks after fermentation is all done. I let one sit for two months and it just kept getting better (finally lost my nerve and kegged it).