I'm in a similar spot as the OP, except I have 3 brews under my belt.
Thanks to all of the great advice here on HBT, but none better than, be Patient and Enjoy
For now, I'm going to work with what I have. I can do partial mash's and half AG batches in my 20 qrt pot and make beer that I can enjoy. I can chill from 212 to 70 in 10 min in an ice bath. I can mash in my pot in a paint strainer bag. I can use my plastic 15 gal tub to control my fermentation temps. I can play with recipe software and research and learn more about the ingredients and yeast strains.
Eventually, I'm going to brew enough batches and be ready to figure out how big a pot will work for me, and how many Btus I'll need, and what type of wort chiller, and how and where my fermentation chamber is setup, and if BIAB or mash tun is my style, etc.
I have ideas and still have my eyes open for deals on pots and burners and fridges and stuff, but funding is part of the issue.
I rank my needs this way:
1. Experience, brew and avoid mistakes, experiment and pay attention to SWMBO.
2. Knowledge of the Fundamentals, Brewing Science, Ingredient properties, Beer styles, etc.
3. Fermentation temperature control.
4. Additional Fermenter(s).
5. Larger Pot, Heat source, Wort chilling method, Mash tun / BIAB
6. Kegging