Ok you'll get a bunch of official answers, but in reality I do it all the time without any issues. I travel internationally on a weekly basis for work and I am always bringing back different items with me such as you mentioned. Cheeses, meats, flower bulbs etc. As long as you are smart about what you are traveling with and pack it well in your checked luggage you will be fine. On the very off chance customs checks your bag, and on the even lesser chance they are unhappy with what you brought, it will just be taken away from you. No fines or jail time.
Depending on the country of origin, some fruits, vegetables, and plants may be brought into the United States without advance permission, provided they are declared, inspected, and found free of pests. However, certain plants and ANY plant parts intended for growing (propagative) require a phytosanitary certificate in advance. For information on certificates, contact the USDA/APHIS Plant Protection and Quarantine Permit Unit. Also, check the Information Resources section at the end of this notice for details.
Ok you'll get a bunch of official answers, but in reality I do it all the time without any issues. I travel internationally on a weekly basis for work and I am always bringing back different items with me such as you mentioned. Cheeses, meats, flower bulbs etc. As long as you are smart about what you are traveling with and pack it well in your checked luggage you will be fine. On the very off chance customs checks your bag, and on the even lesser chance they are unhappy with what you brought, it will just be taken away from you. No fines or jail time.