In Yeast they did an experiment looking at this (they call it innoculation rate, but it's the pitch rate of the starter). Optimal growth was at an innoculation rate of 67 million cells/ml, which is 1 vial or smack pack in 1.5 L starter. There was a pretty similar growth rate for the range of 50-100 million/ml, so 1 vial in anything from 1-2 L of wort.
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