Simple answer: yes...
I actually do this every time I keg a batch right now (I'm only kegging, not bottle carbonating). I simply transfer to my kegs (3 gallon size typically), purge of air, hit with CO2 (10-30psi depending on my mood) and then bring home. By the time I get to my place, there's still a little pressure in the keg (the rest has gone into the brew). I hit it again with some CO2, and then carbonate one (if I have room in the brew fridge, which I usually do) and just make sure I have pressure in the other one for it's storage.
I store with 10-15psi in the keg (got the Williams Brewing keg pressure QD setup for this) until it's ready to go into the brew fridge. With this method, I'm partially carbonating the keg that's not in the fridge. It makes it easier to finish the carbonating process when I'm ready to put that one on tap.
Also, my brew-buddy's place is about a 20-30 minute drive for me. There are some pretty rough spots in the route I take, so take that into consideration. I would just make sure the keg will stay vertical during the trip and you should be just fine.