Length of fermentation varies. A week, sometimes less, if you're doing a BOMM (recommended reading:
www.denardbrewing.com ). Sometimes 3 or 4 weeks. Depends on many factors like temp, pH, amount of fermentable sugars, yeast alcohol tolerance, nutrition schedule, did you stir or not... Sometimes you might think you're done and you rack to additive(s) in your secondary and it starts up again. Generally, though, if you match your honey amount to your yeast's tolerance, or you step feed, and your hydrometer readings are unchanged for 3 days or so (at
around 1.000, maybe a bit higher if you planned on something sweeter), fermentation in the primary is done and you can rack.
Some people routinely rack when their gravity reading hits 1.010. I've racked earlier than 1.000 just to get my 71B off the lees (71B yeast can apparently give an undesirable taste if left on lees too long).
Also, it's worth noting that you may see activity in the secondary. Increased water volume from additives like fruit will reduce overall alcohol percentage along with the reintroduction of fermentable sugars may inspire the yeast yet again. Even agitation during the racking process might produce a little more fermentation. Just rack again whenever you see significant sediment and keep an eye on your hydrometer readings.
So anyway, you can't truly be confident about racking unless you have a hydrometer. And no matter how conscientious you are, stuff happens to thwart the best laid plans; but research, test, taste, smell, observe, take readings, and document so you don't repeat mistakes. Develop an appropriate protocol that takes good care of your yeast and you'll realize a more definitive start and finish to your fermentation as opposed to that lingering 1 bubble every 5 minutes 2 month pain in the neck batch. ....i hated those....