In my experience, fermentation does not remove a significant amount of late addition hop flavor at all. I am a big fan of "hop bursting" - adding lots of hops late in the boil. In fact, I like to brew my pale ales and IPAs with almost no 60 minute additions, but pack a ton of hops into the last 20 minutes of the boil. The flavor and aroma is amazing. I planned to dry hop the last pale ale I did that way, but I found it unnecessary. Dry hops do add a slightly different character - fresh, bright, even grassy at times.
I prefer pellet hops for all stages of the process. I used to use whole hops exclusively, but they soak up a lot of wort, and you have to have a way of straining them effectively. Mesh bags worked best for me. With pellet hops, a good whirlpool at the end of the boil will collect most of the debris, and I don't worry about the bit that gets in the fermenter. Pellet hops are very effective as dry hops, and again, they don't soak up so much beer. I find the sludge at the bottom of the fermenter easy to clean. Whole hops can be a pain to get out of a carboy, especially if they get stuck in the krausen on the sides.