I am a BJCP Certified judge. And I find that on average, a judge is wrong about these off-flavors more than half the time. They try too hard to detect imperfections where there might be none.
I am not a BJCP certified judge, nor will I ever be one because the concept of trying to shoehorn brewing (a heavily scientific
art) into an efficient process (judging a stupid amount of entries as quickly as possible) whereby a winner (there are no "winners" in art, a thing either becomes art by emotionally affecting another human being, or it fails to affect a human being, thus rendering it a mere thing) can be deduced. Frankly, I find the whole process is laughable--but not without merit and I deeply respect those that have made the effort. It's a valid way to advance your art.
My biases are on full display in the above paragraph. I'm also a musician, so I have highly considered and masochistically cruel thoughts about what constitutes whether the things I create are actual art. Regarding music and brewing, I'm a sadistic taskmaster. You don't want to be like me. I sometimes find myself thinking it'd be so much easier if I just entered a competition and received some validation. But that would fall short of the
art I have inside me. That ain't good enough.
I wouldn't put much stock in the findings of labs, nor the findings of BJCP judges.
First and foremost, your beer needs to taste good to you. If that isn't the case, consult the above sources, and look hard at your rig. Move incrementally and chart the changes you've made before monkeying around with other aspects of your process. Move slowly and methodically. Eventually, you'll pour a pint and wonder how on earth you managed to make something as amazing as this.
The bulk of modern home brewing literature is mechanistic, it's all do this or buy this and you'll make the best ever. That's BS. There are no silver bullets in home brewing. It's all about slow, incremental progress.
It's humbling and there is no instant gratification. When it arrives, though, it feels really, really good. It's worth the hell you put yourself through.