You mean wort chilling, pre-fermentation, right? Not beer in the fridge, post fermentation.
Wort chilling fast - Taste wise, no big whoop. Plenty of brewers chill at room temp or in their fermentation chamber overnight.
The real benefit is cold break, where the faster you chill, the more proteins coagulate together and easily fall out of suspension, producing a clearer final beer. That's about the only major benefit.