You can carbonate in a keg by priming no problem. The only thing is that you will get yeast build up in the bottom of the keg. Some people cut their dip tube about an inch higher to compensate for the yeast.
You can leave the dip tube alone but your first few pours will be more yeasty. The other thing you need to worry about is maintaining carbonation. This is where a regulator and co2 tank comes in handy. You might be able to keep it carbonated with one of those injectors but won't be precise. If you plan on drinking the whole keg I'd say go for it, but other than that you may risk under/over carbonated beer.