I wasn't into beer when I went in November 2006.
For coffee shops, from memory
De Rokerij was pretty good.
Also, if you're into cigars, the Dutch make some very good ones, with Tobacco from their ex-colony Indonesia.
Another thing that might interest you is visiting cities close to Amsterdam, such as Edam, where they make Edam cheese. You will also see a more typical Dutch city when you visit. To go to other cities, usually you travel by bus, and they are located at the central station (usually where all the Trams go).
They have a bunch of great museum (
Van Gogh museum,
Rijksmuseum Amsterdam) and there is an
Oranje Voetbal Museum which is about their national football (soccer) team.
I imagine that you have accomodations, but if not, here is a good hostel, where I went, that is right beside Vondelpark (think Central Park in NY):
Stayokay Amsterdam. It isn't in the middle of the city, but everything is relatively close in Amsterdam, so that's not a big problem.
If you're interested in seeing a soccer match, here are the next upcoming ones:
http://www.amsterdamarena.nl/evenementen/en/. You can buy tickets at some of the record shops, just ask them.
And one last thing: there is a free tour of the city, you tip the person that gave you the tour at the end. Here's some information:
Sandemans
This is all I can think of right now, but you have a lot there, depending on how long you are staying.