Lager is a type of brewing (actually its the storage and aging). But as others have posted you have listed 4 completely different kinds of beer. Lager ranges from Pilsner to doubblebock. It can be a light straw color, almost green (SRM 2.5) to black (SRM 4).
Recipes abound, we have many here. The main issue with lagers is well laggering. You need a place to control the temperature.
There is noting wrong with a kit. I have made some rather nice beers from a kit. Hell, I still make beers from extract (and cheat by using extract to boost SG). So do't disparage the kits.