If you used heavy duty dish soap with super duper grease breakers and so forth and such as, the compounds can hurt plants.
damdaman is right about spraying while the sun is shining, but I don't think it would have that dramatic effect so quickly, but I could be wrong!
When using soap solution to kill aphids and mites and such, the only thing the soap does is reduce the surface tension of the water so the insects that drink through their exoskeleton basically drown; they can't regulate how much water they absorb.
The same goes for the plant itself. When the water is soaped like that, the plant can't not take in whatever is in the solution. If other weird compounds are in the soap, it's going straight into the plant.
It's all fine and dandy to do the organic gardening thing in this scenario, as long as the soap you are using is organic. Otherwise, just use regular pesticides and be done with it. Be sure your pesticide of choice breaks down quickly so you don't end up drinking it in your brew. One of the bad things about the internet is that there are 50 million airhead hippies with organic gardening and food blogs, but they have no idea what they are talking about and they all repeat each others' horse **** information until it becomes truthy. Don't read any more organic gardening blogs, and don't spray any more soap on your plants.
Sevin Dust isn't just a ********* rape-rock band, it's a great pesticide.