just to be clear, in order to determine the %abv of a beer, you need the gravity BEFORE and AFTER the yeast has done its thing. So thats one hydrometer reading before pitching yeast and another right before bottling. plug those into an online calculator (or memorize whatever formula) and youll have the %abv. If you didnt get a reading before pitching yeast, then you cant get the abv, just remember next time
That being said, you certainly can add additional sugars to boost the abv, but just adding dextrose or cane sugar will dry out the beer. I do this for all my IPAs and Belgians, but for some styles, adding a significant protion of sugar will really hurt the final proudct, making it sort fo watery. If anything, I'd dissolve some DME in water, boil it, cool it, and add that to the fermentor