I am new to brewing and I have seen a lot of postings where people are using or building orange coolers for their fermenters. I imagine the tempeture is more stable in those versus a plasic bucket or glass carboy, but is that the only difference?
Those are actually MLTs, or mash/lauter tuns, and are used in the pre-boil stage of an All Grain batch to extract sugars from grain prior to boiling. This is done instead of using extract. Most still use traditional carboys for fermenting, and some use buckets or even have more complex conicals and/or custom fermenters.
The cooler is used in all grain because the grain needs to be mashed in a specific temperature of water in order to effect the production of sugars.