As for style recommendations, Imperial Stout, Imperial Porter, Barleywine, Wee Heavy, Adambier all should stand up well to a bourbon barrel. Question, are you doing this all yourself, or are you doing it as a club/group project? The reason I ask is 50+ gallons of any of those beers is probably going to be around for quite a while.
Re the barrel itself, try to find out how many fills it's had. For example, did it go directly from the initial bourbon fill to being used for beer, and how many times was it used for beer? Sometimes they'll go from bourbon to some other spirit like rum before they hand them off for beer aging and the number of fills has a huge impact on flavor extraction. Long story short, the more fills the closer you are to a neutral barrel. Larger barrels also extract flavor slower because of the greater volume to surface area ratio. We have a club whiskey barrel that had gone through three fills before we got it (whiskey, then two imperial stout runs). Our first fill (4th overall) was a Tart of Darkness clone that spent a year in the barrel. Oak and whiskey character were there but very mellow. So you could probably let it ride for a few months before I'd even worry about pulling a sample.
I belive that for a burbon to be a burbon you can only use the barrle once. I might be wrong. It happens.
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