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All my recent mashes around 150-154F have taken at least 90 minutes to get to 95% conversion/extract* efficiency, with gravity rising by 10-15 points between 60 minutes and 90 minutes. Starch tests have been mostly negative throughout, so it's probably not because the enzymes are slow or weak...

I think you are evaluating the risk of an unfinished basement incorrectly. I brew in my unfinished basement. It's a lot more sanitary than when I brewed in my garage with an open door, and I find a lot less crap floating in the boil kettle. That's because there's no wind in the basement...

You can control the costs pretty well with the type of control setup you go for. A manually controlled eBIAB/single heated kettle set up could be got going for the cost of an element, weldless element housing, a StillDragon kit, and GFCI over propane (and no burner or gas tank to buy). I...

Just so long as you get enough boil off, the time doesn't matter. And the amount of boil off required (>7-8%) is smaller than almost everyone uses.

Something like your profile pic? ;)

I did chew on one petal from my Sterling when I was picking them earlier. That was a useful measure of the flavor.

Look at the calculators and formulae here. The OG and FG will give accurate ABV and both real and apparent attenuation, without you correcting the values.

You'll absolutely need to regularly dismantle the pump to clean it out, and to dismantle the valve to clean that out as well. That will be easier with a camlock pair in-between. Putting a male camlock on the outlet of the kettle, female on the pump inlet, and male on the pump outlet lets you...

The answer to how we compensate for the alcohol in the solution depends on what you want to use the SG for. The formula for calculating ABV/ABW from OG and FG already has that correction in it, so there's no need to correct there. The actual attenuation can also be calculated from the OG and...

Y'all know you can buy CO2 hop extract in syringes, for when you need a quick fix, right? (I licked my finger after dismantling one of the syringes to try and clean it out for use for dosing lactic acid into the mash. Don't do that)

For me, cardamom is more of a dark beer type spice - it's common in Turkish coffee, or dark rich cakes. I wonder if a coffee cardamom porter would be good?

It's probably outgassing CO2 put into solution during the ferment. That's because the CO2/Carbonic acid in solution exists in an equilibrium, with a slow rate of conversion between the CO2 and the two forms of carbonic acid. As CO2 outgasses from the wort, more carbonic acid slowly converts to...

Yeast don't just need O2 at the start of fermentation, but throughout the exponential growth phase, which we want to extend as long as possible in a starter, for maximum yeast multiplication. That's why a stir plate or very frequent shaking works so much better than a starter aerated only at...

No, for Singapore and most of the world, one is live and one is neutral (bonded to ground at the service entrance/consumer unit) in standard single phase 240V circuits.

An Ale Pail bottling bucket will also work fine as a HLT. The sparge water temperature isn't critical. Personally I use a 5gal home depot cooler, from when I started brewing in 2011/12. However, if I was starting from scratch now, I would probably go BIAB.

Expanding on option C as a thought experiment: 1) Mount a 3" triclover ball valve on the top port of your fermenter, and ferment. 2) Take two 3" triclover offset tee fittings and set them up similarly to a triclover RIMS tube, and fit the side ports with gas in and out fittings. 3) Place the...

There is no such thing as a CO2 blanket that blocks O2. Gases don't work like that, they diffuse into one another. The "blanket" metaphor is nonsense. However, it does take time for O2 to diffuse into the CO2 filled environment in the headspace of the fermentor. Opening quickly (but not so...

Check the resistance of the red pair - it should be a few ohms at most, then check first one red to white/blue resistance and the then the other red to white/blue resistance. Both should be the same, and equal to the table value of a PT100 resistor at that temperature plus the resistance around...

I'm not sure if that only talks the MySpeidel system, or if you can talk to it directly. The fact that it has USB as well as WiFi makes me more hopeful that you could talk to it directly, but the USB is probably just be for power. There does seem to be enough access to the device that you can...

Yes, UK/EU power is 225-240V 50 Hz single phase at the wall (typically 13A sockets in the UK, 10A in Germany etc., I think). The feeds to houses are either single phase (typical in the UK), or three phase (more common on the continent, I think).