history of brewing

I've been wondering about this recently, but how did past brewers carbonate/pressurize their beer? I hope this is the right sub forum, but I'm curious how brewers from medieval times to around the 1700s managed to carbonate beer. Like, did they bottle condition it? Crown caps are a relatively...

As a relative newcomer to homebrewing (I've been brewing for a little over a year), I find the topic of American homebrewing history particularly fascinating. Considering that less than a century ago, homebrewers' sacred undertaking was a violation of federal law, it's fair to say that we and...