Shaking will give you carbonated beer, that much is for sure. It won't 'hurt' it either, but you may over-carbonate it, which takes time to recover from.
Any suggestions that could be given on how much to shake, or how long to leave it at an elevated pressure to achieve a certain 'acceptable' level of carbonation would be pure speculation.
The only way to achieve consistent and repeatable results is to set it and forget it. The first thing to decide is what temperature you like to enjoy your beer at. Next, decide what level of carbonation you would like your beer to have. And finally, set the pressure required to achieve those results and forget about it for 3-5 days. Perfect every time! It does require patience though, but can't the same be said for every step in the brewing process?
As stated above there is no way to speed up the conditioning process. Green beer is green beer no matter how you carbonate it.