I've never done it, but I guess you could. The thing about lagering is keeping the beer on some yeast while lagering, and I do not know if what you might have left in the bottle is enough.
Well, and to be sure, you cannot lager and carbonate at the same time. You'll never get carbonation at lagering temperatures, and you aren't lagering if you keep your beer at carbonating temperatures, but I think I get what you mean.
TL