How long can you leave a bear in the secondary before you cannot carbonate in the bottle. I'm brewing a California Common and due to some issues that came up this week it will probably need to spend 3 weeks in the secondary (after two weeks in the primary) before I can bottle.
If it's only 50 ft, why not run hoses to the kettle? You probably only need to run the cold water supply that far. A short discharge hose to a nearby drain would be all you need.
Candy sugar is refined sucrose from sugar beets. Cane sugar is refined sucrose from sugar can. Assuming you are talking about the white varieties, they are chemically identical.
Technically, this is not a false positive, because the test is truely detecting opiates (primarily codiene and morphine). Culinary poppy seeds come from opium poppies and do contain small amounts of various opiates.
Based on your calculated IBU of 80 and stated OG, your IBU:GU is 1.26. On the high side, but well within the range for this style. Whether you like it or not is a matter of personal taste, but I'm pretty sure I would find it enjoyable.
In absolute terms (either volume or mass) the answer, as long as you keep the heat input constant, the answer is no. If you express boil of in percentage terms, the instantaneous value will increase as the quantity in the kettle drops.
Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) and washing soda (sodium carbonate) are two different compounds. In any event, there are a number of weak acids available (e.g. vinegar).