Scientific answers are at these links (probably more than you want to know) . . .
https://irp-cdn.multiscreensite.com/d34c7248/files/uploaded/Carbonate%20Chemistry.pdf
and
https://www.aqion.de/site/100
. . . from which you can get the table below. At normal beer pH's, over 94% of the...
I worked in the chemical industry for 45+ years in R&D labs and used / destroyed numerous pH meters. The best (relatively inexpensive) one I found is by Myron L, specifically the Ultrapen PT2. It lasts a long time and holds its calibration real well. It also has a replaceable probe tip so you...
Hopefully, I can reignite this discussion. First a disclaimer . . . unlike Kaljade (who made the first post in this discusiion thread), I am a chemical engineer but not a brewer. However, I am trying to figure out the mechanics that go into a Zahm & Nagel tester. From first principles, I can get...