Most freezers run the refrigerant all around the box, so the temperature would tend to be uniform no matter how you divided it.
You could put some sort of heat source on the fermentation side, hooked up to another temperature controller. With the keezer side set at 40F, a brew belt might be able to get the other side up to 50F for some lager fermentation. If I were going to try that, I'd definitely insulate the fermentation side completely, including insulating it from the walls of the freezer itself. Not sure what the energy consumption would be, vs. two separate freezers.