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Exactly!

As to a CO2 danger at ground level, oxygen is about 21% of the atmosphere and nitrogen 78%. That leaves 1% for things like CO2 which is present at about 400ppm. That means that if you count a million gas particles, 400 of them would be CO2. So even if all CO2 suddenly sunk to ground level (which...

Joking, right?

Back in May 2017 my son asked me make beer for his wedding in mid-October. Silly me, I spent the summer making 9 different beers of 2 cases for each - including a NEIPA. I had bottled a NEIPA earlier in the year with no special precautions and it started losing its fruitiness at about 1 month...

This is an old freebee 2.5 gallon pin lock that needs some work + I would like to convert to ball lock. The problem: the gas post is 11/16" -18 and the liquid post is 3/4" - 18. Can't find any place that offers ball lock posts to do the job. Any ideas? Maybe I should just use it as a StarSan...

I have a tuna can (short, squat) style BK with a rounded edge at the bottom, throwing off the perfect cylinder model (I have tried it). My *&%! dipstick is a little more accurate because I measured the water for each mark. And even that is only marginally OK when the brew is boiling. (What is...

You have illuminated a solution to the major frustration with my current setup - the %$!* dipstick for volume "measurement". Measurement when boiling, constant corrections for temperature and, well, seemingly "needless" approximation that does not feed my need for better precision and accuracy...

Anyone use a short (small form) precision hydro? It looks quite nice for conserving precious brew: SG 1.0-1.07, around 165cm tall (6 inches) vs the usual wide 1-1.17 range at 285-330cm (11-13 inches). The recommended sample volume is in the neighborhood of 140ml (less than 5 fl. oz.) vs...

As part of the process of tweaking my brewing game I am about to abandon my old and mostly trustworthy lhbs 0.999-1.17 hydrometer in favor of a precision hydrometer or two. To go along with this I have also nearly completed a new spreadsheet that works with either Plato or specific gravity...

So assuming we are measuring the same solution with two differently calibrated hydrometers at their respective calibration temperatures, the volume ratio is effectively the inverse of the water density ratio at the two temperatures and the equation in #1 becomes SG(T1/T1) = SG(T2/T2) = SG(T3/T3)...

None of the SG hydrometers I have found are calibrated to 20C. I have been thinking about a method or methods to do this conversion, but can't try them without, for example, both gravities for a 10P solution. The more complicated nerdy method starts with equality of mass of extract (wex): wex...

Since SG & Plato are often used in tandem for calculations (e.g. dH2O(20C)*SG(20/20)*Plato = w extract), it is understandable that most homebrewers use either a SG hydrometer and calculate Plato (my current method) or use a dual scale SG/Brix=Plato hydrometer - although I don't particularly...

I have spent a little time looking at the expanded P_X polynomial and it is remarkable how much agreement there is between the ASBC and your P_X construction - even though ASBC is only advised up to 1.083. This should be of special interest to a homebrewer with typical low precision equipment...

Great work!! I had been fruitlessly looking on the internet for some ICUMSA-ish polynomials that might be useful for a shotgun wedding with ASBC. I don't know how you came up with this (afraid to ask or more properly afraid to get an answer), but I will gratefully test it. We'll see how...

This is very helpful, but also raises more questions. (That's good, right?) Observation: When I used Newton on the quartic and came up with 1.072100 in one step, it seemed prudent to explore the unlikely possibility that there was another root in the near neighborhood. S0 = 1 arrived at the...

The quartic was so easy to set up - much easier than the messy quadratic. What could go wrong? Started with the ASBC equation: 135.997 SG^3 - 630.272 SG^2 + 1111.14 SG -616.868 Multiplying by SG and .998203/100 and subtracting the kg extract/L gave the quartic 1.357526 SG^4 - 6.291394 SG^3...

Keep in mind this is all metric units (kilograms and liters) and I have accumulated constants where possible to keep it simpler. The quartic is easiest to set up but hardest to solve. Both of these equations start from the first equation at the top of this thread for finding mass of extract...

No problem. Do you mean the quadratic (Method 2) and quartic (Method 3)?

Thanks for the very helpful post AJ. I was hoping you might jump in. Although I have a habit of not contributing (not knowing if anyone would be interested) I have long followed your comments and benefited from your insight. It is comforting to know that Method 2 is valid. I will also try...

Hmmm. The P value depends entirely on mash thickness = how much strike water. I could adjust the thickness to make it agree with whatever number I want. Seems like the formula is really intended to compare experimental with predicted gravity of first wort to obtain mash efficiency for a...