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Food grade Magnesium Chloride flakes can be ordered on Amazon. Picking lime can be bought at Walmart, a grocery store or even Amazon. You'll want to avoid chalk as it's difficult to dissolve without bubbling CO2 through solution. That's a lot of alkalinity you're adding... care to share your...

Denny's used D-240, describes it as chocolate and coffee. https://www.homebrewersassociation.org/forum/index.php?topic=30313.msg397202#msg397202

That is very interesting radhe. What kind of leaf do you use? It'll be interesting to see your video.

AJ, Martin and Kai comment on this subject in this thread: https://www.homebrewtalk.com/forum/threads/is-the-calcium-in-mash-water-lost.353514/

Thank you (and Silver_Is_Money), those are the explanations I'm looking for. FWIW, I would certainly be interested in such a book and you seem to be an articulate and knowledgeable enough person to write such a book. I'm always asking why and pursuing precision and accuracy, though that may...

Thanks for explaining that. The question is what book can be referred to in order to learn such things? A basic chemistry book? A basic water book?

Yes, but magic numbers (err constants...) 50, 61... where do they come from? How are they derived?

Thanks Hanglow and AJDelange. I really wish there was a book that walked guys like me through the basics of doing these sort of calculations. Kinda like a water calculations/chemistry textbook. I've seen the Water Book but not sure it's simple enough for beginners or maybe if I'd just do more...

Suppose that using a Salifert Alkalinity test kit, I determine that my water has an alkalinity of 3.77 meq/L. Also, suppose that I have 10% and 85% phosphoric acid solutions. 1.) How does one convert 3.77 meq/L to ppm (mg/L)? 2.) How does one calculate the amount of each acid required to bring...

Drywall.... lol! That's a little too manly for me.

What is the rating on your RO unit? 50/100/150 gallons per day? What is the water pressure entering the unit? Does it have a pump? Are the RO filters new? RO isn't necessarily better than tap but it may be "easier" to work with than tap as it has low to no alkalinity and very little...

Don't put the lid on as the grain needs to breath after being drowned. :)

Stored in cold/dry conditions seeds can sprout hundreds of years later. I see no reason why some of them wouldn't sprout, but the viability probably won't be 100%. As far as genetic difference from the red wheat of today... probably not much. Why did they store that much wheat? Did they...

Thanks @crane I'll definitely take a look.

Yes, absolutely agree that 20ms resolution for heating applications is unnecessary and won't provide a noticeable difference in performance. The output percentage / cycle time makes sense and gives me a hint as to how to code the entire PID algorithm.

Can better made SSR's handle a 20ms switch cycle? Does it shorten their life span? I would guess a normal PID implementation also switches faster as it approaches the set point (though not constantly like this bang-bang).

RE: Integral Windup - yes, I can certainly believe working on motor controls you would encounter physical limitations that need to be handled, etc... It's an interesting exercise to implement the rest of the PID algorithm and I may just do it for fun... (well fun for a software guy anyway).

Yes, thank you both, I thought as much but just needed verification from those who have gone before me. It will be single vessel Brew In A Basket (solid walls), 5500w element, constant recirculation, temp probe on mash cap input (top side). Though I've been eyeing a two vessel system (HLT/boil...

Coding a control loop for step mashing. The obvious is a PID loop. How well does a basic loop work: while true delta = desired_temp - measured_temp; if delta > 0 set ssr on else set ssr off end if delay 20ms end while

Generally, when the steeping schedule is finished and the moisture content is 42-45%, you want to spread it out on the floor 1-2 in. thick, allow it to fully modify (i.e. grow that acrospires 75%-100% the length of kernel), while keeping it moist, constantly turning it so that it doesn't heat...