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@bernardsmith Yes but apple (and fruit in general) are a more difficult and expensive crop than cereals. Cereals grow in hot and cold weather (depending which), with abundant or scarce water, etc. Fruit is subject to spells of cold, of wind (which destroys the flowers), to insects, to...

Maybe cider was more widespread than today, but I do believe ale was largely drunk in North America before the wave of German immigrants. The Germans brought the taste for lager and German lager producers took the market in a few decades and "lagerized" the US beer market. Actually for what I...

What I don't understand in this reasoning is how a firm which is devoted to yeast reproduction cannot control the deviations from the original specimen and revert to the right path. If I raise dogs, and I have a certain breed of dogs, the famous Birrofilo long-eared beer-thirsty cocker, and I...

I am sorry I did not read the entire thread but I would like to insert some reasoning. I don't understand what "repackaging" means in the first post. It might be that Mangrove Jack's grows and selects their own strain of yeast, but they don't have facilities to dry them. So is it possible that...

Not really today but a couple days ago. Made an adaptation to connect my immersion chiller directly to my kitchen tap rather than to the water pump which I normally use for my still. The problem was that the kitchen tap has a garden hose fast connection (I don't know its proper name). The...

The thing to keep in mind is that it is a physical law that makes the heat transfer work. If the cooling doesn't happen, it's a flow problem, either a cold water flow or a beer counterflow. You should: a) Check, as said by others, that the water actually goes in the opposite direction than...

I see many grind their grist a day in advance. This I understand spreads the brewing time more comfortably, but would you grind your coffee beans one day in advance, or your pepper, or the cheese for your spaghetti, or your nutmeg? Meditate, people, meditate ;)

Very important in analogue photography as well! That's why I say "supposing such a thing exist", instruments are probably calibrated to the emission of the "black body" heated to 5600 °K, just like it was standard for daylight film, but daylight actually varies from 5000 to 7000 °K in full light...

There are three methods: a) An immersion chiller, also known as IC; b) A counterflow chiller, also known as CFC; c) A plate heat exchanger; They are listed in order of increasing cost, increasing efficacy/rapidity, and increasing fuss in keeping them cleaned and sanitized. You will find a lot...

For what I know, manual refractometers are calibrated for "daylight" (supposing such a thing exist, I imagine a certain high-quality light source with a very broad spectrum) and whenever they are used in a different light source they might give an imprecise result. I suppose, though, that the...

One should know the innards of the Grainfather Connect controller. For instance, does it use a PID logic or does it just lower the power to the heater when the target temperature is approaching? If the Grainfather has some fixed power levels that can be controlled by the controller (for...

If we look at the manuals, the Hanna's says "two drops" and the Milwaukee's says "2-3 drops". Response time: Hanna: 1,5 seconds. Milwaukee: 2 seconds. I think this is marketing tweaking in order to artificially differentiate two identical products. Accuracy is 0,2 Brix for both (they state 0,2...

I think it's clear that Milwaukee and Hanna are the same producer. Hanna has a higher price bracket and Milwaukee a lower price bracket. This might be due to simple smart marketing, or to the firm marking Hanna the instrument of the best batches, or the firm giving Hanna a better post-sale...

I have just checked Calcoliamo birra (an Android app). It appears to take into account mash times. I have only one recipe in it. The estimate FG was 1,015 with 15', 20', 40' and 10' mashout (multi-step mash). I doubled the times to 30', 40', 80' and 20' mashout, and the estimated final gravity...

Or in favour of broad neck demi-johns: https://www.bottiglie-e-vasi.it/Bottiglie/Bottiglie-di-vetro/Damigiane-e-contenitori-di-vetro/Damigiana-collo-largo-da-10-litri-con-cesto-in-plastica.html

No I am referring to real "Fests", when I was in Munich there were three simultaneously, in August. The Biergartenkultur is another very nice feature of German culture. I think that Germans are generally speaking hungry of sun and being in the open, maybe that is because they generally don't...

Then you must be in the jury, not in the contest!

I have nothing against modern technology, but good old wood, cork, or rope would work very well in my opinion. This kind of stuff (much cheaper than this): rope: Sottopentola color corda Art Tissage Tam Cork https://www.amazon.it/Sottopentola-sughero-corda-circa-15/dp/B00QGIBOY6 Silicon is...

It could have been a thermal stress which significantly delayed the activity of the yeast, you might have pitched your yeast too cold or too warm. Did you notice a substantial bubbling on day one? The fermentation might have begun late and might be progressing steadily. Also, check the...

No experience or interest in competitions. Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder. A competition can be interesting if it gives you clues on what is not working well. That will be interesting material, something to mumble on. Too bitter? Diacetyl? Unbalanced? Too many spices? Weird initial aroma...