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So it sounds like there's no calcium on zinc... Unless your water is particularly hard I don't see any problem with using tap. Even if it is hard you can dilute it a little with distilled water. Do you have any brewing salts like calcium chloride or gypsum? You might be able to get fermentation...

What is a fermentation pressure barrel? Is that your airlock or blowoff tube? I would not re-use any yeast that came in contact with anything outside of your fermenter.

Yes, you are correct. 12.7% sugar by weight = 12.7 plato which works out to be about 1.051 so you're OG is perfect. To convert from plato to SG just multiply by 4 and add 1.0 in front of the result. So for this beer 12.7 x 4 = 50.8... round it to 51 so you'd get 1.051.

Yes I would use all 50g of Hallertau at 10min and use an IBU calculator to figure out how much Target to add to get about 30 IBUs like friarsmith said.

I'd use Target at the beginning of the boil since the AA's are likely much higher and save the Hallertau for a flavor/aroma addition at 10 mins.

How are you measuring the volumes? The markings on the plastic buckets aren't accurate. Plus you added 2 gallons of water and likely lost a 0.5-1 gallon of wort while transferring to the fermenter so I'm not surprised the efficiency dropped. I'd focus more on increasing your partial mash...

What minerals were in your mineral packet? Since you started with distilled water it's likely that your water is deficient in something... calcium, magnesium, and zinc are all necessary for yeast metabolism. Also, what's in your yeast nutrient? Sometimes yeast nutrient only contains DAP...

As long as your soil is workable and you have a spot ready for them, stick them in the ground.

2/3 sounds reasonable. I like to wait until fermentation is about 75% complete. I figure the later I add fruit the more flavor will remain in the finished beer.

What variety? I'm in central MD and have a couple hops varieties (Columbus and Chinook) that I've only started noticing some shoots forming this week. It won't hurt if you want to brush some of the dirt off around the crown to check but I wouldn't worry until you get into mid April.

Ok, so if you pour off most of the beer I would use about a tablespoon of the concentrated yeast slurry per gallon of wort. That works out to about a 1/4 cup of slurry for a 5 gallon batch. See how that works for you.

I would use all of gen 1 first. Are you freezing these?

How much volume would you say you have so far? If you have a cup or two of fermented wort that should be plenty for a 1 gallon batch. Do you have a noticeable layer of yeast on the bottom of your starter? I get roughly a 1/4" layer of yeast at the bottom of a 1L flask and that's plenty for me to...

The speckling on the leaves makes me think it is spider mites. Plus, they typically become a problem in July when the weather gets hot and dry so the timing leads me to believe they're spider mites. The damage doesn't look too bad so you can probably get away without doing anything yet. If you...

Not cheaply or easily. You'd need to have some sort of genetic testing done. If you know anyone else that has some hops and knows what varieties they have you can always compare them to see if yours are similar. Once you get cones you can get an idea of likely varieties from the aroma but...

Is the whole plant like that? If it's just that part of the plant I would guess that the bine snapped. As far as fertilizer goes I would use whichever has the highest potassium since that's what they need the most once they start flowering. Blood meal is high in nitrogen which hops need early in...

If you're going to split it I say go for it. It'll be interesting to compare the 2. I would dry hop near the end of lagering so you maintain as much aroma as possible.

I do think it's pest related especially if you're only seeing it on the side arms. Insects like to attack the new growth first. I'm seeing the same thing on a few of my plants that's related to leafhoppers. I struggle with them every year from mid May to mid June. I'm not sure if that...

I would cut the growing ends off once they reach the top so they don't tangle. I've never trained hops back down a trellis (didn't know you could) but I imagine it's way too much work. Think of some ideas for how you can increase the height of your trellis for next season so you won't have this...

Most of my shoots look purple when they come up. I don't think color is a good indicator of a bullshoot. Typically they grow much faster than the other shoots, are inflexible, and have larger than normal spacing between leaves.