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One key point is nothing happens instantaneously. In "equilibrium," yes, there will be a specific amount of a gas dissolved in a liquid as a function of the partial pressure of the gas, the type of liquid it is sitting on and the temperature of the system. Given time to reach equilibrium...

Agreed. Yeah, most of my brews start under 1.070. I know I'd never detect the difference in the esters and sterols from either method. Using an extra 1/4 ounce of different hops for 5 more minutes, or mashing 3 degrees cooler/warmer or adding 4 ounces too much crystal, etc., etc...

Me. About 20 brews. I let the wort run down the inside of the carboy, then add a small drop of olive oil. I also pitch enough yeast. I get good final gravity and the beers have turned out nice. From any tech info I can find, there's no good oxygenation of the wort at any time of the...

Oxygenated the yeast or the wort? Cheers!

Since you are really only wanting flavor and aroma (no other benefit to the wort, yeast, etc), seems like a cold/warm extract added to the secondary, keg or bottles would make the most sense. Yes? Cheers!

I think you can get an idea of what the grain brings. Not flavor so much as "richness" maybe. A pinch of pale against some Biscuit and Vienna next to a couple of crystals and a pinch of Melanoidin... Doesn't directly provide a "flavor" to expect, but you can gauge the intensity of "impact."...

No starch conversion test performed? No gravity measurement? Going on taste and bubbles? To quote a really nice robot... "Need Input." Cheers!

Mash temp? Is it 1.077 of un-fermentables? Cheers!

Yep. Cheers!

This is also what I find. I tend to wait and decide to brew just a day or so before. I often don't really leave the yeast on the plate long enough. At 12 hours, I'm not sure how much you amplify your count, but I think it's worth the extract. Much less than 12 hours and I'm not sure I'd...

Look, I'm not trying to be a total di.., but could you break this into some background info and a question? Punctuation might help. Paragraphs could help. Love to assist, but I'm too old to follow. I get dizzy reading this. I think it has something to do with yeast re-use, but I'm not...

Got lost about half way into the post. Please rephrase the question. I'm dizzy... Cheers!

Yes. Perceived sweetness, body, etc are very dependent on mash temp and yeast. Grain bill and hops are only half of the equation. Cheers!

This is a great Basic Brewing episode. It happens pretty quickly. http://www.basicbrewing.com/index.php?page=september-14-2007---skunking-beer Cheers!

Right concepts, but the process may be flawed. Who thinks a strip of plastic ("Fermometer") stuck on the outside of a glass vessel can represent the temperature of the contents of the vessel better than it represents the temperature of the air around it? Got to couple the sensor to the thing...

Just pulled the tap on my "Magic Red." Red ale using "magic hop dust (~7% alpha)" exclusively, including dry hop. ~ 6.5% ABV, 45 IBU (Tinseth). Pale malt, a bit of light crystal and melanoiden. Tiny bit of Carafa III and chocolate for color. WY1084. Nice bitterness and malt coming through...

You don't "convert" between the two. Do you have any electrical experience? Think of pressure as "voltage," mass flow (gas flow) as "current." The flow rate is dependent on pressure AND resistance. Put 20 psig on a 3 foot long, 1/16" diameter tube and on a 1 foot long, 1" diameter tube. How...

I honestly don't know who malts most of the grains I buy. I buy from Austins mostly, because of their shipping rates. They list a standard set of crystals and the "cara" malts in the specialty group. Is the English character due to the grains or the technique? Maybe a bit of both? I'm happy...

Wow. That's a great parametric study! I'll likely never be able to brew enough, with enough control, to detect the differences. Would you recommend going with the "cara" malts as a default? Cheers!

Is there any real difference in Carastan and the average crystal 40? In general, do the "Cara...." malts have something that the general similar crystals don't? They always cost just a bit more.... Thanks Cheers!