Those kegs had some nonstandard chemicals in them. That dark ring around the top wasn't caused by beer or normal cleaners and sanitizers like Oxyclean, PBW, Barkeeper's Friend, StarSan, etcetera.
You could try Brewer's Friend for your calculations and to echo kevin58, go ahead and squeeze the bag as dry as you can get it to capture all of that delicious wort.
http://www.brewersfriend.com
I have repitched several times without portioning the cake and it has always worked for me. I usually ferment with a liquid yeast and White Labs is my favorite. I have done that 4 times in a row with WLP090 and the beer from that is a sublime experience! It always comes out delicious.
There's way more yeast than you need for one batch but you can pour the fresh wort right into the other one and it will work. Using a blowoff tube instead of those plastic bubblers will save you from the hyperactivity that will result. I've done it and it makes another delicious batch and plenty...
I'm very much like that too. I'll make a beer that's the same style as a commercially available beer I enjoyed but I have only tried to copy a few outright. There is so much freedom to experiment even within a particular style that the range of tastes and fullness or dryness is huge. I've made...
I use an immersion chiller and I supply it with city water run through a Coleman cooler full of frozen water. I bought ice from a local store until I started to freeze water in those bottles you see in every store. You know, drinking water in small plastic bottles. I can't keep as much in my...