Thanks for the ideas everyone. I think when I try my next big beer, I'll have most of the kinks worked out, three times a charm.
Things I did this time to fix a very weak fermentation on the previous attempt:
1. used a yeast that was one month old rather than five - Imperial A41 Tartan yeast with 200 billion cells per package
2. used a pitch rate calculator
3. made a 2 liter starter on a stir plate with one pack, added a second pack straight at pitch,
4. pitched into 75 degree wort rather than 85 degrees
5. agitated wort vigorously and aerated with an aquarium pump and air stone for 15 minutes