No. Leaving beer in the primary with the trub, won't affect your beer negatively unless you plan on leaving it there for a crazy long time. A month or two shouldn't be an issue. The act of transferring to a secondary carboy WILL affect your beer, though, because you will introduce oxygen in the process. That oxygen you introduced will affect your beer the longer it ages.
I leave my beer in the primary until I'm good and ready to bottle/keg.
The only time I think about removing the beer off the trub in the primary, is if I'm planning on aging for over 6months or so.
Even then, if you are planning on aging beer for a long time, it's best and easiest to leave in the primary for a month or so, then simply bottle it - and age in the bottles. That way you free up your equipment for other batches, and it's easy to store your bottles in a dark closet or wherever.
If you transfer to a secondary and age for a long time, and then bottle, you are introducing oxygen to your beer twice. Over a long period of time, this will make your beer taste stale. Simply age in a bottle with oxygen-absorbing caps for best results.