just measured my 3 gallon carboy: the carboy weighs 9.94 lb and a of water weighs 8.34 lb. So one gallon in my carboy weighs 18.28 lb. with one gallon in it. 2 gallons is 26.62 lb and 3 gallon is 34.96 lb. The 34.96 gallons of water goes all the way up to the opening in the top of the carboy. this means that I should only do a 2.5 gallon fermentation in a 3 gallon carboy, maybe just a little more if I am brave and have a good blow off tube on.
To look at it by inches from the outside of the carboy: the bottom is approximately 1 inch thick (not counting that bump on the middle of the bottom)from the floor (outside the carboy) to the one gallon water mark is 5 inches. so every gallon is 4 inches and every half gallon of water is 2 inches.
To look at it by inches from the outside of the carboy: the bottom is approximately 1 inch thick (not counting that bump on the middle of the bottom)from the floor (outside the carboy) to the one gallon water mark is 5 inches. so every gallon is 4 inches and every half gallon of water is 2 inches.